Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAG 12054-85-2 Manufacturer ,supplier, exporter
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON
INC
Name: Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAG
CAS No 
12054-85-2
Molecular Weight: 1235.86
Molecular formula :(NH4)6Mo7O24⋅4H2Oopen paren cap N
cap H sub 4 close paren sub 6 cap M o sub 7 cap O sub 24 center dot 4 cap H sub
2 cap O
(𝑁𝐻4)6𝑀𝑜7𝑂24⋅4𝐻2𝑂
o Synonyms: Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate
o Molybdic acid ammonium
salt tetrahydrate
o Hexaammonium
heptamolybdate tetrahydrate
o Ammonium paramolybdate
tetrahydrate
o
Appearance: White to colorless crystalline powder or solid. Some product
descriptions may note a slight yellow tint.
Solubility : It is highly soluble in water
(approximately
o
cc cold
water) and soluble in acids and alkalis. It is insoluble or slightly soluble in
alcohol. Other solvents: Soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMF, and dimethyl sulfoxide;
slightly soluble in ethyl ether and dioxane; insoluble in benzene, acetone,
xylene, toluene, and CS₂
Use :
o
Analytical
Reagent: Widely used as an
analytical reagent to measure the content of phosphates, silicates, arsenates,
and lead in aqueous solutions.
o
Catalyst: Used as a precursor for molybdenum catalysts
in industrial processes like desulfurization and in organic synthesis.
o
Agriculture: Used as a supplement in crop fertilizers.
o
Other
Applications: Employed
in the production of molybdenum metal and ceramics, for electroplating, and as
a negative stain in biological electron microscopy.
How is Ammonium
molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGmanufactured
by MEDIOCON INC Synthesized?
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (also known
as ammonium heptamolybdate,
(NH4)6Mo7O24⋅4H2Oopen paren NH sub
4 close paren sub 6 Mo sub 7 O sub 24 center dot 4 H sub 2 O
NH46Mo7O24⋅4H2O
) is typically manufactured by dissolving
molybdenum trioxide (
MoO3MoO sub 3
MoO3
) in an excess of aqueous ammonia and then
evaporating the solution at room temperature.
While specific manufacturers like MEDIOCON
INC use this general, well-established method, the ACS reagent grade demands
additional purification steps to meet stringent quality standards for low
impurities (e.g., chloride, nitrate, heavy metals).
General Synthesis Process
The process generally involves the following
steps:
- Ammoniacal Leaching: Molybdenum trioxide (
MoO3MoO sub 3
MoO3
), often derived from
roasted molybdenite concentrate, is leached with an excess of aqueous ammonia (
NH3⋅H2ONH sub 3 center dot H sub 2 O
NH3⋅H2O
). This reaction forms
soluble ammonium molybdate compounds.
- Reaction:
MoO3+2NH3⋅H2O→(NH4)2MoO4+H2OMoO sub 3 plus 2 NH sub 3 center dot H sub 2 O right
arrow open paren NH sub 4 close paren sub 2 MoO sub 4 plus H sub 2 O
MoO3+2NH3⋅H2O→NH42MoO4+H2O
- Purification: The resulting solution is filtered to remove
insolubles and treated to remove specific metal cation impurities (like
iron), often by adding a precipitating agent or using ion exchange
methods.
- Crystallization: The purified solution is concentrated, often
by distillation under vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 75°C, until
the first crystals appear. The
pHpH
pH
of the solution
(typically between 5 and 6) and temperature are carefully controlled to
facilitate the formation of ammonium heptamolybdate, not other ammonium
molybdate forms (e.g., dimolybdate or tetramolybdate). The general reaction
during evaporation/crystallization is:
- Reaction:
7(NH4)2MoO4+3H2O→(NH4)6Mo7O24⋅4H2O+6NH37 open paren NH sub 4 close paren sub 2 MoO sub 4 plus 3 H sub
2 O right arrow open paren NH sub 4 close paren sub 6 Mo sub 7 O sub 24 center
dot 4 H sub 2 O plus 6 NH sub 3
7NH42MoO4+3H2O→NH46Mo7O24⋅4H2O+6NH3
(during evaporation of
excess ammonia)
- Recovery and Drying: The resulting crystals are separated (via
filtration) and typically dried under vacuum at room temperature or
slightly elevated temperatures (e.g., below 55°C) to obtain the final
solid, high-purity ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate product.
What are the
different dosage forms of Ammonium
molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON
INC?
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (ACS reagent grade)
is typically available as a white crystalline powder or in
a crystalline form.
Information from various suppliers, including
general information about the product and details regarding the manufacturer
Mediocon Inc., consistently describes the substance as a solid chemical
reagent. It is not a pharmaceutical "dosage form" in the medical
sense, but rather an industrial or laboratory chemical used as an ingredient or
reagent.
The physical forms available are:
·
White
crystalline powder
·
Crystals
It is typically packaged in various sizes (e.g.,
100g, 500g, 2.5 kg poly bottles) for laboratory or industrial use.
How Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON
INC Dosage Forms are prepared?
Preparation
as a Chemical Product
Manufacturers like MEDIOCON INC produce AMT as a
high-purity, ACS-grade chemical product (a white crystalline powder) for use as
a reagent. The general manufacturing process involves the following steps:
1. Dissolution: Molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) is
dissolved in an excess amount of aqueous ammonia (NH₄OH).
2. Concentration and Evaporation: The resulting solution is then concentrated,
often by evaporation at room temperature or under a vacuum at a controlled
temperature (below about 75°C), which encourages crystallization.
3. Crystallization: The solution is cooled, causing the high-purity ammonium
heptamolybdate tetrahydrate crystals to precipitate out.
4. Separation and Drying: The crystals are separated, typically by
filtration, and then dried, often under vacuum at a temperature below 55°C to
prevent decomposition.
General
Methods for Preparing Dosage Forms from an API
Once the high-purity (98%) DAMN intermediate is
synthesized, purified, and provided as a solid, usually crystalline or powder,
subsequent processing into dosage forms involves these general methods:
·
Solid
Dosage Forms (Tablets, Capsules): The
DAMN powder would be mixed with excipients (binders, fillers, disintegrants,
lubricants, etc.). This mixture could then be directly compressed into tablets
using tablet press machines or filled into capsule shells, typically made of
gelatin, using manual or automatic capsule-filling machines. Granulation
processes (wet or dry) may be employed to improve the flow and compression
properties of the powder mixture before tableting or encapsulation.
·
Liquid
Dosage Forms (Solutions, Suspensions): For
liquid forms, the DAMN would be dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent
system (e.g., water, alcohol, or a mixture) along with necessary additives like
buffers, colorants, sweeteners, and flavoring agents. This process requires
strict control, especially for sterile products like ophthalmic or parenteral
(injectable) solutions, which need an aseptic environment.
·
Specialized
Techniques: For specific drug
delivery profiles, techniques like hot melt extrusion (HME) might be used,
where the API is dispersed into a polymer matrix to create solid dispersions
that enhance bioavailability or provide controlled release.
What are the appropriate Dosage forms
of Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ACS
REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON INC?
The product Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
ACS REAG Manufactured by MEDIOCON INC is a laboratory reagent,
not a medication, and therefore does not have "dosage forms" in a
medical sense. It is primarily supplied as a white crystalline powder or
as a component in a solution for laboratory use.
This ACS (American Chemical Society) grade chemical
is intended for analytical and research applications, not for human consumption
or direct medical use, unless specifically formulated into a pharmaceutical
product under strict regulatory guidelines.
Typical
Forms and Uses
The appropriate forms for this product in its
designated use are:
·
Crystalline
powder: This is the common form
in which the chemical is supplied by manufacturers like MEDIOCON INC and used
to prepare specific concentrations of solutions in a laboratory setting.
·
Aqueous
solution: It is highly soluble in
water and is typically dissolved to prepare solutions for various analytical
tests, such as the colorimetric determination of phosphates, silicates, and
arsenates.
Medical
Context (General Information)
While the specific MEDIOCON INC product is a lab
reagent, pharmaceutical-grade ammonium molybdate has limited medical
applications. The medical forms of ammonium molybdate are highly specific and
administered under professional supervision:
·
Injection,
solution: Ammonium molybdate (as a
source of molybdenum) has been used as an additive to solutions for Total Parenteral
Nutrition (TPN) for patients with a diagnosed molybdenum deficiency. It has
also been clinically used as an oral treatment for Wilson's disease (an
inherited copper accumulation disorder).
In summary, the MEDIOCON INC product should only be
used in a laboratory setting as a crystalline powder or an aqueous solution for
research and analytical purposes
What are the effects And Side
effects of Ammonium molybdate
tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON INC?
Effects
& Side Effects (Acute Exposure)
·
Eyes: Serious irritation, redness, watering, pain.
·
Skin: Irritation, redness, itching, dermatitis (inflammation).
·
Inhalation: Respiratory irritation, coughing, wheezing, shortness of
breath.
· Ingestion: Irritation to the digestive system, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, potentially leading to coma in severe cases.
Chronic/Systemic Effects
· Repeated or large exposures can lead to more serious systemic issues, including drops in blood pressure, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, spasms, respiratory paralysis, and even coma.
Usage & Purpose (Effects)
·
Chemical Synthesis: A source of molybdenum for catalysts, pigments, etc..
· Agriculture: Used as a nutrient to promote nitrogen fixation in crops like legumes, boosting soil fertility and yield.
Safety & Handling
·
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE): Wear gloves,
safety goggles, and work in a fume hood or well-ventilated area.
·
First Aid:
o Eyes: Flush immediately with water for 15 mins.
o Skin: Wash with soap and water.
o Inhalation: Move to fresh air; give oxygen/CPR if needed.
o Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting; rinse mouth.
·
Medical Attention: Seek immediate help for eye contact
.
Which tests are
performed on Ammonium molybdate
tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON INC ?
·
Assay: Determines the actual content of ammonium
molybdate (usually expressed as % MoO₃).
·
Insoluble
Matter: Checks for any
residue after dissolving in water.
·
Chloride
(Cl): Limits contamination
from chloride ions.
·
Nitrate
(NO₃): Checks
for nitrate impurities.
·
Arsenate
(AsO₄): Sets
limits on arsenic content.
·
Phosphate
(PO₄): Controls
phosphate levels.
·
Sulfate
(SO₄): Limits
sulfate contamination.
·
Heavy
Metals (as Pb): Ensures
low levels of toxic heavy metals.
·
Sodium
(Na), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg): Limits
these common alkali/alkaline earth metal contaminants.
What are the challenges in
Manufacturing of Banana Extract Manufactured by MEDIOCON INC
API?
1.
Raw Material Variability: Bananas, being natural products, have inherent variations
(ripeness, variety, growing conditions) that affect extract composition, making
consistent API quality difficult.
2.
Extraction Efficiency
& Purity:
- Solvent Use: Traditional
extraction methods might use solvents, posing environmental/safety
concerns, while green methods need optimization.
- Impurity Control: Scaling
up can introduce new impurities, requiring robust R&D to identify and
remove them to meet API purity standards.
3.
Waste Management: Banana cultivation generates huge amounts of biomass
(pseudo-stems, peels, leaves) that need sustainable processing or disposal,
preventing environmental contamination.
4.
Process Scale-Up: Moving from lab to commercial scale often brings
unexpected changes in outcomes and impurity levels, demanding careful
monitoring.
5.
Quality & Consistency
(Batch-to-Batch): Achieving uniform
product quality across batches is tough, requiring strict adherence to Quality by Design (QbD) principles and Critical Process Parameters (CPPs).
6.
Regulatory Compliance: As an API, the extract must meet stringent pharmaceutical
regulations (GMP, FDA, etc.), adding layers of documentation, validation, and
quality control.
7.
Sustainability: Balancing cost-effective production with reduced energy
consumption, less solvent use, and better waste valorization (using the waste
for other products) is a major industry focus.
What are the challenges in
manufacturing of Ammonium molybdate
tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON INC ’s Dosage
forms?
Diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) 98% manufactured by
MEDIOCON INC is primarily a chemical intermediate used in
organic synthesis, not an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an approved
commercial dosage form. MEDIOCON INC is a known supplier of pharma intermediates.
The primary challenges in working with DAMN for any
potential downstream application, including the theoretical development of a
dosage form, stem from its inherent chemical properties and the complexities of
its reactions.
Key
Manufacturing Challenges
·
Instability
and Secondary Reactions: DAMN
is a highly reactive compound that readily undergoes various reactions,
including hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization, especially in aqueous and
protic solvent environments or when exposed to heat and UV light. This makes
typical pharmaceutical processes like aqueous granulation or film coating very
challenging, as the drug substance itself may degrade or transform into other
compounds.
·
Solubility
Issues: DAMN's solubility
varies significantly by solvent and temperature.
o
It is
only partially soluble in water, which complicates the development of
formulations that require aqueous processes.
o
While
soluble in some organic solvents like acetonitrile (MeCN) or DMSO, achieving
optimal processing conditions (temperature, solvent choice) while maintaining
stability and high yield is difficult.
·
Purity
Control: The tendency for side
reactions means maintaining high purity (the "98%" product is the
starting material for other syntheses) in a final dosage form is difficult.
Impurities or related compounds like DAFN (an isomer) or DISN (an oxidation
product) can form during processing, which is a major concern for
pharmaceutical quality control and regulatory compliance.
·
Processing
Conditions Sensitivity: Effective
polymerization or reaction of DAMN often requires specific, sometimes harsh,
conditions (e.g., high heat up to 170°C, strong thermal impulse) which are
generally incompatible with typical, milder pharmaceutical manufacturing
techniques for finished dosage forms.
·
Lack of
Established Pharmaceutical Use: As
it is primarily a chemical intermediate, there is a lack of established
"pharma
What is the Packing for Ammonium
molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured
by MEDIOCON INC?
For Diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) 98%, manufacturers like MEDIOCON (through distributors) often pack it as a crystalline powder in standard lab/industrial sizes, commonly in 25g, 100g, and 1kg quantities, typically in glass bottles or fiber drums, with larger bulk orders in 25 kg drums, ensuring secure packaging for handling and transport, often under UN 3439 classification.
Common Packaging Details:
·
Container Type: Glass bottles for smaller quantities, sealed fiber drums for
larger amounts.
·
Quantity: Available in 25g, 100g, 1kg, and even 25kg drums.
·
Form: White to pale yellow crystalline powder.
·
Safety: Classified as a hazardous material (UN 3439, Class 6.1,
Packing Group III).
What is shelf life Of Ammonium
molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured
by MEDIOCON INC?
·
Packaging: Usually in poly bottles for solid forms.
·
Storage: Store under ambient/normal lab conditions (e.g., 15-25°C).
· Purity Grade: ACS Reagent implies high purity, but stability can vary slightly.
To Find the Exact Shelf Life:
1.
Check the Label: Look for printed manufacturer/expiry dates.
2.
Consult the CoA: The Certificate
of Analysis is the definitive source for your specific
batch.
3.
Check Supplier Website: Sigma-Aldrich and CPAChem offer
specific details for their products, often 12-60 months
What should the label claim for Ammonium
molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured
by MEDIOCON INC Include?
· Product Identification:
- Name: Ammonium Molybdate Tetrahydrate
- Formula: (NH4𝑁)$6Mo7𝑀𝑜
7 O{24} \cdot 4H_2O$
- CAS
Number:
12054-85-2
- Manufacturer: MEDIOCON INC
- Grade: ACS Reagent (or similar)
· Purity/Assay:
- Typically
specified as 81.0-83.0% MoO₃ basis for ACS grade.
· GHS Pictograms & Hazard Statements:
- While not always
on the primary label, relevant pictograms (e.g., exclamation mark for
irritant) and H-statements (e.g., H315: Causes skin irritation, H319:
Causes serious eye irritation, H335: May cause respiratory irritation)
should be present or referenced via Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
- INC.
- Batch/Lot
Number:
For traceability
Where can Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON
INC are procured?
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON
INC can be procured from various sources, depending on your
location and requirements. Here are some options:
FOR API
MEDIOCON INC
Add: B-2, ARCH SARTHAK BUILDING, N-7 CIDCO
CHATRAPATI SAMBHAJI NAGAR-431003,
MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Mob/Whatsapp No:
+91-8007719681, +91-9309999757, +91-9834786939
Sales Department: Email: sales@mediocon.com
Purchase Department: Email: purchase@mediocon.com
Marketing Department: Email: mktg@mediocon.com
HR Department: Email: hr@mediocon.com
Accounts Department: Email: accounts@mediocon.com
Factory Address: Plot No 11, Shendra MIDC,
Aurangabad-431154, Maharashtra, India Website: www.mediocon.com
Email id:info@mediocon.com
GST No: 27DHUPM2366D1ZZ
For Dosage Forms :
- Online Marketplaces: You can find Ammonium
molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured
by MEDIOCON INC products on online marketplaces like Amazon or
e- commerce websites specializing in pharmaceuticals or skincare
products.
Local Pharmacies or Skincare Stores: You
can also check with local pharmacies or skincare stores in your area for Ammonium
molybdate tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured
by MEDIOCON INC products.
Remember to ensure the quality and
authenticity of the Ammonium molybdate
tetrahydrate ACS REAGManufactured by MEDIOCON INC product, regardless of
the procurement source.
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