Chitosan 9012-76-4 Manufacturer, Supplier, Exporter, MEDIOCON INC.

 

 

 

Chitosan Manufactured by MEDIOCON INC

 

   Name: Chitosan

CAS No: 9012-76-4

Molecular Weight: 50 kDa to over 2000 kDa (2 million Da)

Molecular formula:  (C₆H₁₁NO₄)ₙ

Synonyms : Common synonyms for chitosan include deacetylated chitin, poly(D-glucosamine), and poliglusam, with various trade names like Celox, Flonac, and Kytex also used, reflecting its origin as a modified form of chitin from crustaceans or fungi, essentially a deacetylated amino sugar polymer. 

Appearance : Chitosan's appearance varies from white to yellowish-brown powder or clear films, depending on its purity and processing, typically appearing as a white to off-white powder when pure, forming clear, transparent films when dissolved and dried, but turning yellowish or brownish with impurities or degradation, like yellowish-brown tints in films or buff/yellow powder from certain crustacean sources. 

  

 Solubility : Chitosan is generally insoluble in water and organic solvents but dissolves readily in dilute acidic aqueous solutions (pH < 6.5) because its amino groups become protonated, giving it a positive charge. Its solubility is influenced by molecular weight, degree of acetylation (DA), pH, and temperature, with lower molecular weight and DA improving solubility, and chitosan oligomers often soluble across a wider pH range. 

Uses : Chitosan is a versatile biopolymer with a wide array of uses spanning medical, agricultural, industrial, and cosmetic fields, largely due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial, and film-forming properties. 

Medical and Pharmaceutical Uses

·       Wound Management: Chitosan is used in bandages, gels, and dressings to control bleeding, as it helps blood clot and adheres to the wound surface. It also promotes skin regeneration, reduces infection risk, and can help prevent scar tissue formation.

·       Drug Delivery: It is widely researched and used as a carrier for targeted and controlled drug delivery (e.g., ocular, nasal, oral, and pulmonary), enhancing the effectiveness and stability of various medications, including those for cancer therapy and vaccines.

·       Dietary Supplements: Chitosan is marketed as a "fat binder" supplement for weight loss and to lower cholesterol and blood pressure, although scientific evidence for clinically significant effects is limited.

·       Other Health Applications: Preliminary research suggests uses in dentistry (mouthwashes for plaque control), treatment for kidney failure patients undergoing dialysis, and as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. 

Agricultural Uses

·       Biopesticide and Growth Enhancer: In agriculture, chitosan is registered as an eco-friendly biopesticide and natural seed treatment that boosts plants' innate immunity to defend against fungal infections and pests.

·       Plant Vigor: It promotes plant growth, increases photosynthesis, stimulates nutrient uptake, improves germination, and helps plants resist environmental stress like drought. 

Industrial and Environmental Uses

·       Water Filtration: Chitosan is used in water filtration systems to remove turbidity, heavy metals, dyes, and oils, as it causes fine particles to bind together for easier removal.

·       Winemaking and Brewing: It is used as a fining agent to clarify wine, mead, and beer by aiding in the removal of yeast and other particles that cause haze.

·       Food Packaging: Biodegradable and antimicrobial chitosan films are in development as a safe alternative to synthetic food packaging to preserve food products and extend shelf life.

·       Bioprinting and Materials: Chitosan is used in biofabrication to create biodegradable consumer objects and in 3D bioprinting for engineering artificial tissues and organs due to its structure and properties. 

Cosmetic Uses

·       Skin and Hair Care: It functions as a natural humectant, moisturizer, and film-former in skin creams and lotions, helping to retain moisture and protect against irritants.

·       Product Stabilizer: Chitosan can modify the rheology of cosmetic products (e.g., thickening agent) and enhance the delivery of other active ingredients. 

 

 

  How Chitosan is manufactured by MEDIOCON INC Synthesized?

MEDIOCON INC's Chitosan (Chitosanis) is synthesized from chitin, typically extracted from crustacean shells, through a multi-step chemical process involving demineralization (acid treatment to remove minerals like calcium carbonate), deproteinization (alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide to remove proteins), and finally, deacetylation (strong alkali, often NaOH, at high heat to convert chitin into chitosan by removing acetyl groups). The resulting chitin is then converted to chitosan, which is further processed for its specific application, often involving purification and modification. 

Here's a breakdown of the typical manufacturing steps:

1.      Raw Material Preparation: Start with crustacean shells (shrimp, crab, etc.) and grind them into smaller pieces.

2.      Demineralization: Treat the ground shells with a dilute acid, like hydrochloric acid (HCl), to dissolve calcium carbonate and other minerals.

3.      Deproteinization: Wash the demineralized shells with a strong alkaline solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide, NaOH) at elevated temperatures to remove proteins.

4.      Bleaching (Optional): A bleaching step might be included to whiten the chitin.

5.      Deacetylation: The purified chitin is then subjected to concentrated NaOH at high temperatures (above 100°C) for several hours, which removes the acetyl groups, transforming chitin into chitosan.

6.      Purification & Drying: The resulting chitosan is washed, neutralized, and dried.

7.      Modification/Formulation (For Chitosanis): For the final product, MEDIOCON INC likely performs further chemical modifications or incorporates additives (like zinc sulfide or zirconia) as suggested by research on similar chitosan products, followed by processing (e.g., hot-melt extrusion) to create the final form, possibly as a film or coating. 

 

 

What are the different  dosage forms of Chitosan Manufactured  by  MEDIOCON INC?

Information regarding the specific dosage forms of Chitosan manufactured by Mediocon Inc is limited in the search results. The company is listed as a manufacturer and wholesaler of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), including "Chitosan 10%, Silicon Base Non-Ionic Surfactant". 

However, the precise final products or specific dosage forms (such as tablets, capsules, gels, etc.) they manufacture for end-users are not detailed in the available snippets. Generally, chitosan as an excipient can be used in various forms: 

·       Tablets (as a binder, disintegrant, or coating agent)

·       Capsules

·       Films

·       Microspheres/nanoparticles (often incorporated into other systems like oral suspensions or topical applications)

·       Hydrogels (for topical or mucosal application) 

For a definitive list of products, it would be best to consult the Mediocon Inc. product catalog or contact the company directly.

 

 

 How Chitosan Manufactured by MEDIOCON INC Dosage Forms are prepared?

MEDIOCON INC is a manufacturer and wholesaler that produces chitosan, which is then used as a base material to prepare various dosage forms using standard pharmaceutical techniques. The specific preparation method for a given product depends on the intended application and desired drug release properties. 

Chitosan itself is derived from the deacetylation of chitin found in crustacean shells. 

General Preparation Methods for Chitosan Dosage Forms

Chitosan is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties. Common methods for incorporating it into dosage forms include: 

·       Ionic Gelation: This is a common method for creating nanoparticles and microspheres. A cationic chitosan solution (prepared in a dilute acid) is added dropwise to an anionic solution, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) or alginate, causing the formation of particles through electrostatic interaction.

·       Drying Techniques:

o   Spray Drying: A simple, one-step process where an aqueous solution containing chitosan and the drug is atomized into a hot air stream, evaporating the solvent and producing fine, free-flowing particles.

o   Freeze Drying: This technique removes water from frozen material under vacuum, often used to create porous scaffolds or sponges, or to dry nanoparticles after preparation.

·       Blending and Cross-linking: Chitosan can be physically blended or chemically cross-linked with other natural or synthetic polymers (e.g., HPMC, alginate, PVA) to modify its properties, such as solubility, mechanical strength, and drug release rates.

·       Solvent Evaporation: This method involves dissolving the polymer and drug in a volatile organic solvent, forming an emulsion, and then evaporating the solvent to form nanoparticles or membranes.

·       Direct Compression (for tablets): Chitosan powder can be directly compressed into tablets, sometimes blended with other excipients, to control drug release in oral formulations. 

Dosage Forms Produced

Chitosan-based products can come in various forms, depending on how they are manufactured: 

·       Oral: Tablets, capsules, microspheres, and nanoparticles designed for controlled or sustained release within the gastrointestinal tract.

·       Topical/Transdermal: Gels, films, membranes, wound dressings, and patches for localized drug delivery or tissue regeneration.

·       Injectable: Temperature-sensitive hydrogels that are liquid at room temperature but form a gel at body temperature after injection.

·       Other: Mouthwashes, eye drops, and scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 

MEDIOCON INC utilizes these general industry methods to manufacture its specific chitosan products and prepare them for various applications. The precise formulation details would be proprietary information held by the company. 

 

 

What are the appropriate Dosage forms of Chitosan Manufactured  by  MEDIOCON   INC?

Mediocon Inc manufactures and exports Chitosan as a nutraceutical ingredient and pharmaceutical chemical (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient/excipient), typically in a raw powder form for use in further manufacturing processes, rather than a final consumer dosage form like pre-made tablets or capsules. 

Based on typical industry practices for the types of ingredients Mediocon supplies, the product they offer is used by other companies to create various final dosage forms. Mediocon provides the foundational material, which can be developed into products such as: 

·       Tablets (as a binder, disintegrant, or coating agent).

·       Capsules (as a shell material or excipient within the capsule).

·       Oral films.

·       Gels/Hydrogels.

·       Transdermal patches.

·       Nanoparticles and microspheres for advanced drug delivery systems. 

 

 

When should Chitosan Manufactured by MEDIOCON INC be taken?

General Guidelines (Consult Your Doctor First)

·       With Food: Take it with meals to help with fat binding and absorption.

·       Dosage: Common doses range from 1-6 grams per day, often split into smaller doses.

·       Mineral Support: Since it can bind minerals, consider taking supplements like calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium separately. 

When to Take It (Examples)

·       For Weight/Cholesterol: Taken before or during meals to potentially reduce fat absorption.

·       As a Dietary Supplement: Follow the specific product label instructions, as formulations vary. 

Important Considerations

·       Product Type: Is it a capsule, powder, or part of a functional food? This affects timing.

·       Medical Conditions: Chitosan is used in various medical applications (wound healing, drug delivery), so professional advice is crucial.

·       Consult a Professional: Always check with a healthcare provider to determine the right dose and timing for your needs. 

 

 

 

 What are the effects And Side effects of Chitosan Manufactured by MEDIOCON INC?

Information on the specific effects and side effects of chitosan manufactured by MEDIOCON INC is not publicly available in detail, as general product information or specific clinical trial data for their proprietary product was not found in the search results. 

However, the effects and side effects of chitosan as a general supplement and pharmaceutical ingredient are well-documented. MEDIOCON INC appears to be a manufacturer and wholesaler of pharmaceutical intermediates and herbal extracts, potentially supplying the raw material for other products. 

General Effects of Chitosan (as a supplement)

Chitosan, a type of fiber derived from the shells of crustaceans, has various proposed uses, but the scientific evidence supporting many of them is mixed. 

·       Weight Loss: Chitosan is primarily marketed as a "fat-blocker" supplement. Studies suggest it may lead to a small amount of weight loss (about 1-4 pounds over several months) when combined with a calorie-restricted diet, though high-quality studies often find its effect to be minimal or clinically insignificant.

·       Cholesterol Reduction: It may help lower total cholesterol and "bad" low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but does not seem to affect "good" high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.

·       Wound Healing: When applied topically (in gels or bandages), chitosan is effective for wound healing, helping to control bleeding and promoting new tissue growth and nerve regeneration.

·       Kidney Failure: In patients with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis, oral chitosan may help reduce high cholesterol, correct anemia, and improve appetite and sleep.

·       Blood Pressure: Replacing table salt with a product containing chitosan might help lower blood pressure in people with hypertension. 

General Side Effects of Chitosan (when taken orally)

Chitosan is considered possibly safe when taken by mouth for up to six months. Common side effects are generally mild and related to digestion: 

·       Stomach upset, nausea, or abdominal cramping.

·       Constipation, gas, or bloating.

·       Dryness of the throat or mouth. 

Important Warnings and Interactions

·       Shellfish Allergy: Chitosan is derived from shellfish skeletons (crabs, lobsters, shrimp). People with shellfish allergies may be allergic to chitosan, although some experts note the allergy is usually to the meat, not the shell.

·       Medication Interactions: Chitosan might increase the effects of blood-thinning medications like warfarin (Coumadin), increasing the risk of bruising or bleeding. It may also reduce the absorption of some antiviral drugs like acyclovir.

·       Vitamin Absorption: Long-term or high-dose use can interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and some minerals (calcium, magnesium), so supplementation may be necessary. 

Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.

 

 

 How is Chitosan Manufactured by MEDIOCON  INC  Tested Qualitatively?

MEDIOCON INC. likely tests its manufactured chitosan qualitatively using standard biochemical methods like the Chitosan-Iodine Test (Van Wisselingh test) for quick confirmation (chitosan turns brown/reddish-brown) and advanced techniques such as FTIR Spectroscopy for structural confirmation, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) for molecular weight, and HPLC for purity/quantification, ensuring it meets desired properties like degree of deacetylation (DDA) and absence of contaminants. 

Common Qualitative & Quantitative Tests for Chitosan
While specific MEDIOCON procedures aren't public, these are industry-standard methods:

1.      Chitosan-Iodine Test (Van Wisselingh Test): A basic qualitative test where chitosan reacts with iodine in an acidic solution (like acetic acid) to produce a distinct brown or reddish-brown color, confirming the presence of chitosan.

2.      FTIR Spectroscopy: Used to identify functional groups (like amino and hydroxyl groups) and confirm the molecular structure, showing characteristic peaks for chitosan and verifying the deacetylation process.

3.      Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC): Determines the molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution, crucial for performance.

4.      Potentiometric Titration: Measures the Degree of Deacetylation (DDA), which indicates the percentage of acetyl groups removed, a key quality indicator.

5.      Viscometry: Measures the intrinsic viscosity, which correlates with molecular weight and DDA.

6.      Moisture Content Analysis: Uses oven drying (e.g., 105°C for 24h) to find mass loss, calculating moisture percentage.

7.      HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography): Quantifies purity and identifies specific impurities, as shown in studies using C18 columns and UV detection.

8.      XRD (X-ray Diffraction): Assesses the crystalline structure and crystallinity index. 

By combining these methods, MEDIOCON would ensure their chitosan is correctly identified (qualitative) and meets strict standards for pharmaceutical or other applications (quantitative), checking for factors like MW, DDA, purity, and moisture content.

 

 

   Which tests are performed on ChitosanManufactured by  MEDIOCON INC ?

 

 

While specific tests for MEDIOCON INC's chitosan aren't listed publicly, standard tests for chitosan quality and application focus on its structure (Degree of Deacetylation - DDA), physical properties (particle size, moisture, color), molecular weight, purity (elemental analysis), and biological aspects (biocompatibility, cytotoxicity), often using techniques like FTIR, HPLC, SEM, spectrophotometry, GC/MS, UV-Vis, HPLC, GPC, and various bioassays (MTT, LDH). 

Here are the common types of tests performed on chitosan:

Chemical & Structural Analysis

·       Degree of Deacetylation (DDA): Determines the amine group content (FTIR, XPS).

·       Molecular Weight & Distribution: Viscometry, Light Scattering, GPC/SEC.

·       Purity/Elemental Composition: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for C, N, O.

·       Functional Groups: Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 

Physical & Morphological Tests

·       Particle Size/Zeta Potential: Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) for nanoparticles/microparticles.

·       Morphology: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

·       Moisture Content: Gravimetric analysis (drying in an oven).

·       Color & Light Transmission: Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry. 

Biological & Application-Specific Tests

·       Cytotoxicity/Biocompatibility: MTT, LDH assays to check cell viability and membrane integrity.

·       Hemocompatibility: To assess interaction with blood.

·       Drug Release Profiles: For drug delivery systems (in vitro release studies). 

To find the exact tests for MEDIOCON INC's product, you would typically need to check their specific product documentation, technical data sheets (TDS), or Certificates of Analysis (CoA).

 

 

What are the challenges in manufacturing of Chitosan by MEDIOCON  INC ’s Dosage forms?

 

While specific tests for MEDIOCON INC's chitosan aren't listed publicly, standard tests for chitosan quality and application focus on its structure (Degree of Deacetylation - DDA), physical properties (particle size, moisture, color), molecular weight, purity (elemental analysis), and biological aspects (biocompatibility, cytotoxicity), often using techniques like FTIR, HPLC, SEM, spectrophotometry, GC/MS, UV-Vis, HPLC, GPC, and various bioassays (MTT, LDH). 

Here are the common types of tests performed on chitosan:

Chemical & Structural Analysis

·       Degree of Deacetylation (DDA): Determines the amine group content (FTIR, XPS).

·       Molecular Weight & Distribution: Viscometry, Light Scattering, GPC/SEC.

·       Purity/Elemental Composition: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for C, N, O.

·       Functional Groups: Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 

Physical & Morphological Tests

·       Particle Size/Zeta Potential: Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) for nanoparticles/microparticles.

·       Morphology: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

·       Moisture Content: Gravimetric analysis (drying in an oven).

·       Color & Light Transmission: Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry. 

Biological & Application-Specific Tests

·       Cytotoxicity/Biocompatibility: MTT, LDH assays to check cell viability and membrane integrity.

·       Hemocompatibility: To assess interaction with blood.

·       Drug Release Profiles: For drug delivery systems (in vitro release studies). 

To find the exact tests for MEDIOCON INC's product, you would typically need to check their specific product documentation, technical data sheets (TDS), or Certificates of Analysis (CoA).

 

 

What is shelf life Of Chitosan by MEDIOCON INC?

While specific shelf life for MEDIOCON INC's Chitosan isn't directly stated in the snippets, general chitosan products often have a shelf life of 1 to 2 years when stored cool and dry, but this depends heavily on its form (powder vs. solution) and processing, with solutions potentially lasting only months, so always check the product's specific label from Mediocon. 

Key Factors Influencing Chitosan Shelf Life:

·       Form: Powdered chitosan generally lasts longer than chitosan solutions.

·       Storage Conditions: Cool, dry conditions (away from moisture and heat) are crucial for stability.

·       Molecular Weight & Purity: Higher molecular weight and purity often correlate with better stability.

·       Degradation: Chitosan is a natural polymer that degrades over time via enzymatic or chemical breakdown, affecting its properties. 

What to Do:

·       Check the Label: The most accurate shelf life will be on the product packaging or accompanying certificate of analysis from Mediocon.

·       Contact Mediocon: For precise information on their specific chitosan product, contacting Mediocon directly is best.

 

 

What should the label claim for Chitosan Manufactured by MEDIOCON INC Include?

While specific shelf life for MEDIOCON INC's Chitosan isn't directly stated in the snippets, general chitosan products often have a shelf life of 1 to 2 years when stored cool and dry, but this depends heavily on its form (powder vs. solution) and processing, with solutions potentially lasting only months, so always check the product's specific label from Mediocon. 

Key Factors Influencing Chitosan Shelf Life:

·       Form: Powdered chitosan generally lasts longer than chitosan solutions.

·       Storage Conditions: Cool, dry conditions (away from moisture and heat) are crucial for stability.

·       Molecular Weight & Purity: Higher molecular weight and purity often correlate with better stability.

·       Degradation: Chitosan is a natural polymer that degrades over time via enzymatic or chemical breakdown, affecting its properties. 

What to Do:

·       Check the Label: The most accurate shelf life will be on the product packaging or accompanying certificate of analysis from Mediocon.

·       Contact Mediocon: For precise information on their specific chitosan product, contacting Mediocon directly is best.

 

 

 

 

 

Where can Chitosan Manufactured by MEDIOCON INC are procured?

ChitosanManufactured by MEDIOCON INC   can be procured from various sources, depending on your location and requirements. Here are some options:

FOR API

MEDIOCON INC

Add: B-2, ARCH SARTHAK BUILDING, N-7 CIDCO

CHATRAPATI SAMBHAJI NAGAR-431003, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Mob/Whatsapp No: +91-8007719681, +91-9309999757, +91-9834786939

Sales Department: Email: sales@mediocon.com

Purchase Department: Email: purchase@mediocon.com

Marketing Department: Email: mktg@mediocon.com

HR Department: Email: hr@mediocon.com

Accounts Department: Email: accounts@mediocon.com          

Factory Address: Plot No 11, Shendra MIDC, Aurangabad-431154, Maharashtra, India Website:  www.mediocon.com 

Email id:info@mediocon.com           

GST No: 27DHUPM2366D1ZZ

For Dosage Forms :

- Online Marketplaces: You can find ChitosanManufactured by MEDIOCON INC   products on online marketplaces like Amazon or e- commerce websites specializing in pharmaceuticals or skincare products.

Local Pharmacies or Skincare Stores: You can also check with local pharmacies or skincare stores in your area for ChitosanManufactured by MEDIOCON INC products.

Remember to ensure the quality and authenticity of the ChitosanManufactured by MEDIOCON INC product, regardless of the procurement source.